The advent of precision medicine, led by the discovery of druggable genes and informed by next-generation sequencing, has drastically changed the therapeutic landscape in oncology. These evolutions revealed a spectrum of actionable genetic alterations shared across a broad spectrum of tumour types, which fuelled the hope for cancer drugs that are capable to interfere with these oncogenic pathways irrespective of the organ of origin of the tumour. In recent years, several of these tumour-agnostic drug targets have been approved by regulatory agencies and it is to be expected that more will follow in the years to come. This article briefly explains the rationale for tumour-agnostic approvals followed by an overview of the currently approved and emerging pan-tumour targets. In addition, the paper addresses a new tool that was developed by the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) to assess the tumour-agnostic potential of new drugs (ECTA-S) and inform the clinical development of potentially tumour-agnostic drugs.
