SUMMARY

Neurological diseases occur more frequently in patients with active tumours and/or undergoing treatment for oncological disease. Malignancy-associated changes in cell signalling and biological processes occur, as well as “naturally occurring” and treatment-induced immune-related adverse events that can be both cell- or antibody-mediated. Prompt evaluation, timely accurate treatment, and interdisciplinary care are of paramount importance to prevent or diminish long-term neurological sequelae and mortality.

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2025;19(1):11–14)